Arkansas City pronounced Ar-kan'-sas, three miles north of the Oklahoma border at the confluence of the Walnut and Arkansas Rivers, is a shipping and refining center for oil fields at the north, east, and south. Long lines of tank cars emerge from the city on its four railroads; freight yards are piled high with incoming shipments of oil machinery and pipeline supplies. The local oil refinery has a daily capacity of 20,000 barrels.

Atchison, Kansas is on the west bank of the Missouri River in a vast amphitheater gouged out during the glacial epoch, is surrounded by low hills. This staid little industrial city is rich in historic interest and proud of the nationally famous personages who have claimed it as their birthplace or former home.

Coffeyville,Kansas lies immediately north of the Kansas-Oklahoma line in a sandy basin bounded on the west and south by a low range of hills, and on the east and north by the Verdigris River. The city is quartered by Eighth Street, running east and west, and Wal-nut Street, running north and south. The business section is at the center, and residences occupy all but the north quarter, the industrial area.

Dodge City, Kansas is on the Arkansas River, is the seat of Ford County and the metropolis of southwest Kansas. The city, with its modern business and public buildings and attractive homes, breaks the monotony of the Kansas short grass country. The newer development of the business section has steadily advanced northward, the heart of the present commercial district lying two blocks north of old Front Street, the early day business thoroughfare, paralleling the Santa Fe Tracks. The looth Meridian W. passes through Dodge City and marks the division between central and mountain time.

Emporia, Kansas is the seat of Lyon County, division point of the Santa Fe Railway and trading center of a farming and dairying region, lies on a low ridge between the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers. Although its streets appear to have been laid through a forest of elms and maples, Emporia was in fact platted on a treeless plain carpeted with bluestem grass and on the surrounding slopes and valleys broad pastures of bluestem still flourish near fields of corn and wheat.

Fort Scott, Kansas is the outgrowth of a frontier military outpost, lies on the south bank of the Marmaton River, five miles west of the Missouri Line. A city of "jogging" streets and fine old trees, with buildings older than Kansas itself sandwiched in between modern structures, Fort Scott is a blend of pioneer and modern America.

Hutchinson, fourth largest city in Kansas, lies slightly south and east of the center of the State on the north bank of the Arkansas River. The city spreads out in the level valley land in the form of the letter "T", its base extending eastward and its broad arms reaching north and south. Although typical of the cattle country in its friendliness, its lack of social distinctions, and in the clean way its broad streets meet the open prairie, Hutchinson is a city of mills and factories.

Kansas City, Kansas is at the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers at the eastern edge of the State, is the largest city in Kansas and the seat of Wyandotte County.

Cheyenne County is the northwestern county of Kansas, and the only remaining unorganized one of the northern tier. It was created by the Legislature of 1873, and takes the name of a hostile band of Indians.

This category section contains history and information about the various counties,towns and cities of the state of Kansas.

Lawrence, Kansas is the principal educational center of the State is divided by the Kansas River into two segments North and South Lawrence. Home of the University of Kansas, Haskell Institute, and Lawrence Business College, the city is also important as a shipping point for potatoes, corn, wheat, and alfalfa grown in the rich valley land around it, and as an industrial center.

Leavenworth, Kansas is on the west bank of the Missouri River, spreads out over high bluffs and rolling hills, overlooking the Big Muddy, its green "bottoms," and adjacent farm lands. The business district is on fairly level ground in the narrow valley of Three Mile Creek, a shallow stream which flows between steep banks and makes a natural line of demarcation between downtown Leavenworth and the south residential district.

Lindsborg, Kansas is in the valley of the Smoky Hill River within the central Kansas wheat belt, is the center of an Old World culture unusual in this section of the country. Settled by a Swedish so-ciety, Lindsborg took its name from the first syllable of the surname of three society members S. P. Lindgren, S. A. Lindell, A. P. Linde and borg (Sw., castle). The population is composed almost entirely of persons of Swedish birth or descent.

Manhattan, Kansas is the seat of Riley County. It lies in a natural bowl carved out of a limestone formation during the glacial age. The Big Blue River flowing from the north through the upland pastures meets the Kaw River one mile east of the city limits. Before the great flood of 1903 the Big Blue ran past the city at the foot of Poyntz Avenue, the main street, but the flood formed a new channel one mile east of the old river bed, washing away hundreds of acres of rich farm land.

Medicine Lodge, Kansas, the seat of Barber County, is a trim little town, spreading out comfortably on a hillside overlooking the Medicine River and its timbered valley. Low brick buildings line the broad main street and spreading trees shade modest frame houses in the residential section.

Newton is the seat of Harvey County, is a trading center for the surrounding wheat country, and a main division point of the Santa Fe Railway. The city lies amid gently rolling hills. Main Street is bisected by tracks down which rattle endless freight trains carrying oil and grain to the east, merchandise and farm machinery to the west. About twenty-five passenger trains, including sleek streamliners, halt daily at the Main Street Depot.

Throughout most of the United States the farmer's sense of belonging to a community is rather vague. The villager has a definite idea of the village because it has a boundary, he can see it, and in many cases it is incorporated; but in most cases, outside of New England at least, the villager and the farmer have not thought of themselves as belonging to the same community. Farmers do, however, belong to many organizations which meet in the village and more and more farmer and villager mingle in the associations devoted to various special interests.

Ottawa is the seat of Franklin County, is named for the Ottawa Indians whose reservation once occupied the surrounding area. Designated a "city of religion and education" by its townsmen a claim bolstered by 6 public schools, a university, and 23 churches Ottawa is also the trade center of a prosperous farming and stock-raising region.

Preston Bierce Plumb was born at Berkshire, Delaware county, Ohio, October 12, 1837. He died at Washington city, December 20, 1891. Plumb's parents were poor, and he was compelled to depend upon his own resources at an early age. When he was twelve years old he went to Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, through which institution he worked his way, acquiring at the same time high efficiency as a printer.

Salina is the seat of Saline County, lies in a basin four miles southwest of the confluence of the Saline and Smoky Hill Rivers. The main part of the city, extending across tablelands to the north and south, is shaped like a huge block "I." The Smoky Hill River loops through the east side of the "I," intersecting an arm of the city which reaches to the crest of low hills on the east.

Topeka, capital of Kansas, seat of Shawnee County, and third city in population, is bisected by the Kansas, or Kaw River, as it is more familiarly known. On the north side of the stream the city extends across the fertile Kaw Valley to the slope of a low range of hills. On the south it spreads over a ridge that divides the watersheds of the Kaw River and Shunganunga Creek, extending across the creek bottoms, and up the gradual slope of another range of low glacial hills.

Wichita,Kansas is the county seat of Sedgwick County, lies on tablelands at the confluence of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers. A fifth of the city is built west of the Arkansas River; a smaller fraction lies on the tongue of land between the junction of the rivers. The rest of Wichita sprawls east of the rivers, its north-south bulk bisected by a drainage canal. The city is closely knit by concrete bridges, six of which span the Arkansas, eight the Little Arkansas, and twenty-four the drainage canal.