September 1
1821 – The first party leaves Missouri for Mexico on the Santa Fe Trail. This event was the official opening of the Santa Fe Trail.
September 2
1861 - The Battle of Dry Wood Creek, also known as the Battle of the Mules, was fought on September 2, 1861
September 3
September 4
1857 - The Lecompton Constitution, the second constitution drafted for Kansas Territory, was written by pro-slavery supporters. "There were three separate votes on the Lecompton Constitution: December 21, 1857, January 4, 1858, and August 2, 1858. In the final vote, residents of Kansas Territory rejected the Lecompton Constitution." (Source: KSHS)
September 5
1855 - The Free State party was formally organized under the leadership of James H. Lane in an assembly at Big Springs and delegates were appointed to a constitutional convention that assembled at Topeka on October 23.
1867 – The first load of cattle to be shipped via rail from Kansas. Organized by Joseph McCoy, Abilene became the first of several cowtowns, that emerged along the cattle trails and helped create the beef industry in Kansas.
September 6
1864 – Fort Zarah was established on the banks of Walnut Creek near the crossroads of the Santa Fe Trail, the army supply route from Fort Riley, and the main Indian trail. In 1867 Fort Zarah was relocated in stone buildings two miles downstream near the Arkansas River and was abandoned on December 4, 1869, as the Indian problem moved southwestward.
September 7
September 8
September 9
1848 — The Jesuit Fathers, Morris Gailland, J. B. Hoeken, and Father Wright, established St. Mary's Pottawatomie Mission.
September 10
September 11
September 12
September 13
1856 – The Battle of Hickory Point occurs.
September 14
September 15
1854 - The first Territorial newspaper, the Kansas Weekly Herald began publication in Leavenworth, Kansas. This publication supported slavery.
1855 - John Speer, the editor of the Lawrence Kansas Tribune, published a broadside on the effective date of the Slavery Act that was passed by the Kansas Territorial Legislature (Bogus Legislature), challenging the "gag law" provision, making it a crime to speak or write that "persons have not the right to hold slaves in this Territory. The broadside was printed in large display capitals, so that, as Speer said, "the infatuated invaders who elected the Kansas legislature, as well as the corrupt and ignorant legislature itself, may understand-so that if they cannot read, they may spell it out." "The first free-state legislature, elected in October 1857, repealed the slavery statutes with a few simple words. During their existence, no one was ever prosecuted for violation, though oaths were required of officials, jurors, and attorneys. The effort to encourage slavery in Kansas failed."
1865 – Fort Aubrey was established in present-day Hamilton County at the head of Spring Creek.
September 16
September 17
1836 — "The Platt Purchase". By treaty, the United States assigned to the Iowas and the Missouri Sacs and Foxes a strip of land, now in Nebraska and Kansas.
1851 — Treaty with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes. The boundaries of their country are thus defined: "Commencing at the Red Butte, or the place where the road leaves the North fork of the Platte river, thence up the North fork of the Platte river to its source, thence along the main ridge of the Rocky Mountains to the headwaters of the Arkansas river, thence down the Arkansas river to the crossing of the Santa Fe Road, thence in a northwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte river, thence up the Platte river to the place of beginning."
September 18
September 19
September 20
September 21
September 22
1861 – Lane’s Brigade descended on Osceola, Missouri. When Lane’s troops found a cache of Confederate military supplies in the town, Lane stripped the town of all of its valuable goods, which were loaded into wagons taken from the townspeople. Then, twelve citizens were given a farcical trial and shot. After Lane’s men went on a wild drinking spree, his men brought their frenzy of pillaging, murder, and drunkenness to a close by burning the entire town. The town suffered more than $1,000,000 worth of damage, including that belonging to pro-Union citizens.
September 23
September 24
1829 - A treaty was made, giving the Delawares "the country in the fork of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, extending up the Kansas river to the Kansas [Indians] line, and up the Missouri river to Camp Leavenworth, and thence by a line drawn westwardly, leaving a space ten miles wide, north of the Kansas [Indians] boundary line, for an outlet." The Delawares relinquish all claim to the country now occupied by them, on James's fork of White River, in Missouri.
September 25
September 26
September 27
1719 - The route of Du Tisne in Kansas cannot be definitely fixed now. He found rock salt near the Pawnee towns, which is evidence that he visited the Grand Saline, on the Lower Neosho. In the country of the Pawnees, on the 27th of September, 1719, he set up a post bearing the arms of France and took formal possession of the country for the French king. In his report, it is stated that the Osages spent much time on the prairies hunting buffalo. "Du Tisne found the Pawnees near where Vinita, Oklahoma, was afterward founded. Below Vinita, on the east side of the Neosho, are the remarkable salt springs above mentioned as the Grand Saline. The presence there on the Neosho of Pawnee towns in 1719 would still further confirm the location of Quivira in the country whose waters drain into the Arkansas River from the north."
1878 – Chiefs Dull Knife and Little Wolf of the Northern Cheyenne led their people in a rebellion and flight from confinement and starvation on the reservation in Oklahoma to their homelands in Yellowstone. The trek climaxed on September 27, 1878, when 284 braves, women, and children made their final stand on the bluffs of Ladder Creek, now Beaver Creek, just south of Scott County State Park. This encounter with the U.S. Cavalry was the last Indian battle in Kansas. The site – Squaws Den Battleground – drew its name from the pit where the women and children were placed after helping to dig rifle pits for the warriors.
September 28
September 29
1865 - Treaty With The Osage, This treaty concluded at Canville Trading Post, Osage Nation, within the boundary of the State of Kansas.
September 30